Architecture & Platform Information for Compiler Writers

Note

This document is a work-in-progress. Additions and clarifications are welcome.

Hardware

AArch64 & ARM

• ARMv8-A Architecture Reference Manual This document covers both AArch64 and ARM instructions

• ARMv7-A Architecture Reference Manual This has some useful info on what is supported by older architecture versions.

• ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual This covers the Thumb2-only microcontrollers

• ARMv6-M Architecture Reference Manual This covers the Thumb1-only microcontrollers

• ARM C Language Extensions

• ARM NEON Intrinsics Reference

• AArch32 ABI Addenda and Errata

• Cortex-A57 Software Optimization Guide

• Run-time ABI for the ARM Architecture This documents the __aeabi_* helper functions.

Itanium (ia64)

• Itanium documentation

Lanai

• Lanai Instruction Set Architecture

MIPS

• MIPS Processor Architecture

• MIPS 64-bit ELF Object File Specification

PowerPC

IBM - Official manuals and docs

• Power Instruction Set Architecture, Versions 2.03 through 2.06 (authentication required, free sign-up)

• PowerPC Compiler Writer’s Guide

• Intro to PowerPC Architecture

• PowerPC Processor Manuals (embedded)

• Various IBM specifications and white papers

• IBM AIX/5L for POWER Assembly Reference

Other documents, collections, notes

• PowerPC ABI documents

• PowerPC64 alignment of long doubles (from GCC)

• Long branch stubs for powerpc64-linux (from binutils)

AMDGPU

Refer to User Guide for AMDGPU Backend for additional documentation.

RISC-V

• RISC-V User-Level ISA Specification

SPARC

• SPARC standards

• SPARC V9 ABI

• SPARC V8 ABI

SystemZ

• z/Architecture Principles of Operation (registration required, free sign-up)

X86

• AMD processor manuals

• Intel 64 and IA-32 manuals

• Intel Itanium documentation

• X86 and X86-64 SysV psABI

• Calling conventions for different C++ compilers and operating systems

XCore

• The XMOS XS1 Architecture (ISA)

• Tools Development Guide (includes ABI)

Hexagon

• Hexagon Programmer’s Reference Manuals and Hexagon ABI Specification (registration required, free sign-up)

Other relevant lists

• GCC reading list

ABI

• System V Application Binary Interface

• Itanium C++ ABI (This is used for all non-Windows targets.)

Linux

• Linux extensions to gabi

• PowerPC 64-bit ELF ABI Supplement

• Procedure Call Standard for the AArch64 Architecture

• Procedure Call Standard for the ARM Architecture

• ELF for the ARM Architecture

• ELF for the ARM 64-bit Architecture (AArch64)

• System z ELF ABI Supplement

macOS

• Mach-O Runtime Architecture

• Notes on Mach-O ABI

• ARM64 Function Calling Conventions

Windows

• Microsoft PE/COFF Specification

• ARM64 exception handling

• ARM exception handling

• Overview of ARM64 ABI conventions

• Overview of ARM32 ABI Conventions

NVPTX

• CUDA Documentation includes the PTX ISA and Driver API documentation

Miscellaneous Resources

• Executable File Format library

• GCC prefetch project page has a good survey of the prefetching capabilities of a variety of modern processors.